Jadeja produced a match-winning performance in the opening Test against Sri Lanka.
Jadeja pipped West Indies' Jason Holder to claim the top spot. It's not the first time that the all-rounder has achieved the top rankings, and his rise to the summit comes as little surprise after what he did against Sri Lanka in the series opener.
The southpaw put on a show for ages as he first scored unbeaten 175 runs with the bat and then returned to rattle up Sri Lanka’s batting line-up with the ball. He registered the figures of 5/41 and 4/46 in two innings and helped India win the match within three days by an innings and 222 runs.
Holder is now at the second spot while Jadeja's teammate Ravichandran Ashwin is occupying the third spot.
Meanwhile, veteran India batter Virat Kohli, who feature in his 100th Test at Mohali, returned to the top five in Test rankings and wicketkeeper Rishabh Pant entered the top 10 on the back of his dazzling 96 in the first Test.
Australia's Marnus Labuschagne continues to lead the batting chart followed by Joe Root, Steve Smith, Kane Williamson, and Kohli.
There were no major changes in the ICC Test bowling rankings. Australia skipper Pat Cummins continues to hold the top position while Neil Wagner and Josh Hazlewood swapped places at eighth and ninth respectively.