The 21-year-old Western Australia all-rounder has been picked after impressive domestic showing.
Besides Green, who has earned his maiden call-up on the back of impressive domestic performances, the selectors have also recalled Moises Henriques in place of injured Mitchell Marsh.
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Marsh has been left out of the three ODIs and three T20Is on the advice of the medical staff. Nathan Lyon, Josh Philippe, Riley Meredith and Andrew Tye also didn't find a spot for themselves in the squad.
"The entire squad performed exceptionally well in the UK in beating the current one-day World Champions at home and retaining the World No.1 ranking in T20 International cricket. We look forward to a blockbuster summer against one of our greatest rivals," said national selector Trevor Hohns in a statement.
Featuring in nine List A matches for Western Australia and 13 T20s for Perth Scorchers in the BBL, 21-year-old Green has mainly made a name for himself through performances in first-class cricket.
He averages 52.23 after 17 games in the whites, including a 197 in the ongoing Sheffield Shield season. He has a bowling average of 21.53 in first-class cricket with two five-wicket hauls.
"Cameron's domestic form has been outstanding and he has carried it through for Western Australia this summer," Hohns said. "As a potential player of the future this is an opportunity for him to be part of the squad and build on his experience."
Henriques, Marsh's replacement in the fast bowling all-rounder mode, last turned up for the country back in 2017 but has now returned on the back of solid domestic and BBL performances, having led Sydney Sixers to the title last summer.
"Moises is a tremendous cricketer with loads of experience and is a great person to have around the group. His form was extremely impressive in leading the Sixers to the BBL title last summer and he has played well at the start of this season," said Hohns, who also provided a positive update on Marsh.
"Mitch will commence some low intensity fitness and skills in the coming weeks and selectors are hopeful of his return to play in the Australia A fixtures in early December and then for him to be fully fit to perform his role in the side as an all-rounder."
"What we do have is like for like replacements in Moises and Cameron as batting all-rounders in line with our selection approach for one-day cricket," he added.
The rest of the squad resembles the look from the side that narrowly lost the T20Is and beat England in the ODI series in September.
Due to be held in Sydney and Canberra, the limited-overs series against India begins on November 27.
Australia's white-ball squad: Aaron Finch (c), Sean Abbott, Ashton Agar, Alex Carey, Pat Cummins (vc), Cameron Green, Josh Hazlewood, Moises Henriques, Marnus Labuschagne, Glenn Maxwell, Daniel Sams, Kane Richardson, Steven Smith, Mitchell Starc, Marcus Stoinis, Matthew Wade, David Warner, Adam Zampa
(Inputs from Cricbuzz)